First Lady Biography: Lady Bird Johnson (Pode 2024)
Lady Bird Johnson, nascida Claudia Alta Taylor, (nascida em 22 de dezembro de 1912, Karnack, Texas, EUA - falecida em 11 de julho de 2007, Austin, Texas), primeira-dama americana (1963-1969), esposa de Lyndon B. Johnson, 36ª presidente dos Estados Unidos, e uma ambientalista destacada por sua ênfase no embelezamento.
Questionário
Rostos americanos famosos: fato ou ficção?
Benjamin Franklin nunca escreveu um livro.
Filha de Thomas Jefferson Taylor, um próspero empresário, e Minnie Patillo Taylor, Claudia Alta Taylor foi apelidada de "Lady Bird" por sugestão de uma babá da família. Após a morte de sua mãe em 1918, Lady Bird foi criada por uma tia que veio morar com a família. Sua infância foi muito solitária, e mais tarde ela observou que foi durante esses anos que desenvolveu seu amor pela leitura e seu respeito pela tranquilidade da natureza. Invulgarmente brilhante, frequentou escolas locais e se formou no colegial aos 15 anos; mais tarde, frequentou a Escola Episcopal para Meninas de St. Mary, em Dallas, Texas, onde manteve seu interesse em escrever.
Na Universidade do Texas em Austin, na qual entrou em 1930, ela desfrutou de muitos luxos que a maioria dos outros alunos não podia pagar, como seu próprio carro e conta de cobrança, mas ela já havia desenvolvido hábitos de gastos muito cuidadosos que a caracterizariam mais tarde. Em vida. Depois de terminar o bacharelado em história em 1933, ela permaneceu mais um ano para se formar em jornalismo. Seu treinamento neste campo a ajudou a desenvolver habilidades que mais tarde usaria em suas relações com a imprensa.
Ela conheceu Lyndon Baines Johnson no verão de 1934, e ele propôs quase que imediatamente. Eles se casaram na Igreja Episcopal de São Marcos, em San Antonio, Texas, em 17 de novembro de 1934. Após vários abortos, Lady Bird deu à luz duas filhas, Lynda Bird em 1944 e Luci Baines em 1947.
In 1937 Lady Bird used $10,000 of her inheritance to support Lyndon’s first congressional campaign. After his election, she assisted constituents visiting the capital by showing them the main tourist attractions of the city. In 1941–42, while Lyndon was serving in the military (Lyndon was the first congressman to volunteer for active duty in World War II), she ran his congressional office and further developed her skills at handling his constituents.
In 1943, with more of Lady Bird’s inherited money, the Johnsons purchased a radio station in Austin, and Lady Bird took over as manager. Although it was never clear how much of her ensuing success was due to her own decisions and how much to Lyndon’s political connections or to sheer luck, her interest and expertise were genuine, and she continued to be active in managerial decisions long after the station became profitable.
As her husband’s political career advanced and he became a powerful figure in Washington, D.C., Lady Bird participated in his campaigns but shied away from giving speeches, preferring to shake hands and write letters instead. After taking a course in public speaking in 1959, however, she became an excellent extemporaneous speaker. In 1960, when Lyndon was nominated for vice president on the Democratic ticket with John F. Kennedy, she actively campaigned throughout the South, and Robert Kennedy later said that she had carried Texas for the Democrats.
Lady Bird used the three years of her husband’s vice presidency to hire an expert staff, including Liz Carpenter, a seasoned reporter, who served as both staff director and press secretary. Carpenter helped to portray Lady Bird in the best possible light when, after the assassination of President Kennedy in November 1963, she faced unfavourable comparisons with her stunning predecessor, Jacqueline Kennedy.
In the election of 1964, Lady Bird campaigned vigorously. Although Lyndon’s strong stand on civil rights had made him a pariah in many parts of the South, she insisted that no state be written off. From her campaign train, dubbed the “Lady Bird Special,” she rode through seven Southern states, urging voters to support her husband.
Following his election, she moved to establish her own record as first lady. She concentrated on Head Start, a program aimed at helping preschool children who were from disadvantaged backgrounds. But she became most closely identified with an environmental program, called “beautification,” that sought to encourage people to make their surroundings more attractive, whether they were wide-open spaces or crowded urban neighbourhoods. To encourage private donations, she formed the First Lady’s Committee for a More Beautiful Capital.
In an attempt to improve the appearance of the nation’s highways, she urged Congress to pass the Highway Beautification Bill, which was strenuously opposed by billboard advertisers. Her involvement in the legislation was highly unusual, and, though she received some criticism, the bill (in diluted form) passed Congress and became law in October 1965.
After Lyndon Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection in 1968, Lady Bird continued a busy round of official activities but also prepared for retirement in Texas. There she continued the interests that had long sustained her, especially her family and environmental concerns, including the National Wildflower Research Center (now the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center). Although she occasionally made political appearances for her son-in-law, Virginia governor (and later senator) Charles Robb, she dedicated most of her time to the family business and her grandchildren.
Early in her White House tenure, she began to record her impressions in daily tape recordings. A fraction of the thousands of hours she taped became the basis of her book, A White House Diary (1970), which was one of the most complete and revealing accounts ever left by a president’s wife.
Following her husband’s death in 1973 she divided her time between the LBJ ranch and her home in Austin. She could take satisfaction in the fact that Americans typically ranked her in the top half dozen of all first ladies.
