KINGSTON UPON THAMES Walking Tour - London - England (4K) (Pode 2024)
Kingston upon Thames, também escrito Kingston-upon-Thames, bairro real e bairro externo de Londres, Inglaterra, a cerca de 19 km a sudoeste do centro de Londres. Encontra-se na margem sul do rio Tamisa e faz parte do condado histórico de Surrey. A cidade atual foi estabelecida em 1965 pela fusão da antiga cidade real de Kingston upon Thames com a cidade de Malden e Coombe e a cidade de Surbiton (todos em Surrey). Inclui quatro bairros: Kingston Town, Maldens e Coombe, ao sul da cidade e Surbiton. Os escritórios do governo do condado administrativo de Surrey estão no bairro.
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A área tornou-se um antigo centro de transporte porque o Tamisa era fordable lá. A força de Kingston como centro comercial aumentou acentuadamente com a conclusão de uma ponte sobre o rio no século XII. A atual Kingston Bridge foi construída em 1828 e a cidade é atravessada pelo Kingston By-Pass.
Kingston foi registrado como Cyningestun ("King's Estate") em 838 dC, quando um conselho saxão se reuniu na cidade, e 30 cartas reais foram concedidas a ele entre 1200 e 1685. Durante as Guerras Civis inglesas, uma das últimas batalhas foi travada em 1648, em Surbiton, onde lorde Francis Villiers, filho do duque de Buckingham, foi morto em uma tentativa fracassada de reunir apoio ao prisioneiro Charles I. A tradição sustenta que sete reis anglo-saxões foram coroados em Kingston no século X, e a Pedra da Coroação agora fica nos terrenos da moderna Guildhall.
A market at Kingston flourished from at least the 13th century, and in 1628 Charles I banned any other markets within a 7-mile (11-km) radius of the town. Today markets are still regularly held in Kingston’s historic Market Place, and the town remains one of Outer London’s main shopping destinations. The original store of the Bentalls department-store chain, although no longer owned by its founding family, has been in the town since 1867 and became the anchor for a large shopping centre. The construction of another department store in the late 1980s resulted in the unearthing of a medieval undercroft and the remains of a 12th-century bridge.
Brewing and tanning, once major industries in Kingston, no longer exist there. However, a boatbuilding tradition that dates from the 18th century continues, in tandem with the operation of a paddle steamer that runs between Kingston and Hampton Court, along with other destinations. When Hampton Court Palace was built in the 16th century, a freshwater supply was piped all the way from Coombe, and the conduit houses can still be seen there.
In 1912 Tommy (later Sir Thomas) Sopwith started manufacturing airplanes at Kingston, including the Sopwith Camel. The Sopwith Aviation Company Ltd. eventually evolved into Hawker Aircraft Ltd., which built Hawker Hurricane fighters before and during World War II and later built the Hawker Hunter jet aircraft. In its final incarnation as a part of British Aerospace, the company manufactured Harrier jump jets before its Kingston operations were closed in 1992.
Fanny Burney, the 18th–19th-century novelist, often stayed in the Chessington area of Kingston. The 18th-century historian Edward Gibbon attended school at Kingston, and the 19th-century artists William Holman Hunt and Sir John Millais had associations with Surbiton and its environs. The photographer and motion-picture pioneer Eadweard Muybridge was born in Kingston upon Thames. Novelist and playwright John Galsworthy spent his early life in Kingston, and the Robin Hill house in The Forsyte Saga is based on Galsworthy’s memories of the Kingston Hill area of Coombe. Enid Blyton taught in Kingston.
Kingston Grammar School was founded by Elizabeth I in 1561. The Kingston Museum (1904) has changing exhibits on local history as well as three permanent galleries, one on Muybridge. Kingston University has four campuses. Kingston is close to Hampton Court and Richmond Park. Kingston is also the home of the Rose of Kingston Theatre.
Kingston upon Thames is mainly residential, but it also contains one of Outer London’s major shopping centres. Local industries include light engineering and manufacturing. Area 14 square miles (38 square km). Pop. (2001) 147,273; (2011) 160,060.
