Crime e castigo, russo Prestupleniye i nakazaniye, romance do escritor russo Fyodor Dostoyevsky, publicado pela primeira vez em 1866. Sua primeira obra-prima, o romance é uma análise psicológica do pobre ex-aluno Raskolnikov, cuja teoria de que ele é uma pessoa extraordinária capaz de enfrentar a responsabilidade espiritual de usar os meios maus para alcançar fins humanitários leva-o ao assassinato. O ato produz culpa de pesadelo em Raskolnikov. A história é um dos melhores estudos da psicopatologia da culpa escritos em qualquer idioma.
Fyodor Dostoyevsky: Crime e Castigo
Escrito ao mesmo tempo que The Gambler, Prestupleniye i nakazaniye (1866; Crime and Punishment) descreve
Resumo
Raskolnikov, um ex-aluno, vive na pobreza e no caos em São Petersburgo. Ele decide - através de teorias contraditórias, incluindo a moralidade utilitária e a crença de que pessoas extraordinárias têm o "direito de transgredir" - assassinar Alyona Ivanovna, uma penhorista idosa. A meia-irmã de Alyona, Lizaveta, chega enquanto ele vasculha os pertences de Alyona, e ele a mata também. Enquanto isso, ele faz amizade com um alcoólatra, Marmeladov, cuja filha Sonya foi forçada a se prostituir para sustentar a família. Um velho amigo, Razumikhin, também entra em sua vida, preocupado com seu comportamento aberrante. Além disso, a irmã de Raskolnikov, Dunya, que deixou seu emprego como governanta de Svidrigailov por causa de seus avanços impróprios em relação a ela, chega a São Petersburgo com sua mãe.Dunya pretende se casar com um homem chamado Luzhin, a fim de melhorar sua posição financeira e social.
The narrative follows the twists and turns of Raskolnikov’s emotions and elaborates his struggle with his conscience and the tightening noose of suspicion. He is ill through most of the story, and he angrily rejects his family’s and Razumikhin’s attempts to help him. When Marmeladov is run over by a carriage and dies, Raskolnikov gives Sonya and the family money for his funeral. He forbids Dunya to marry the pompous Luzhin, who offends Dunya to the point that she breaks off the engagement. Raskolnikov repeatedly visits Sonya, but he behaves in such an unhinged manner that she is frightened. When it seems that Porfiry, who is investigating the murder, is on the point of charging Raskolnikov, another man confesses. At a memorial dinner for Marmeladov, Luzhin falsely accuses Sonya of stealing from him, and Raskolnikov explains why he would do such a thing. Later he tells Sonya that he murdered the two women. Svidrigailov overhears the confession and subsequently uses that knowledge to try to blackmail Dunya into accepting him, but, when it becomes clear that she will never love him, he kills himself.
At last Raskolnikov turns himself in. He is sentenced to eight years of hard labour in Siberia. Sonya follows him to Siberia and visits him at every opportunity. Dunya marries Razumikhin. Raskolnikov does not repent for the murders and continues to emotionally shut out Sonya and the other prisoners. However, after an illness, he at last comes to the realization that happiness cannot be achieved by a reasoned plan of existence but must be earned by suffering. He then is able to accept and return Sonya’s love.
Analysis
The narrative’s feverish compelling tone and its moving depiction of the recovery of a diseased spirit contributed to its status as a masterpiece. The novel also offers remarkable psychological portraits of the alcoholic Marmeladov and of the vicious amoralist Svidrigailov. Razumikhin exemplifies Dostoyevsky’s conviction that slow, steady, hard work is the right approach to life, and the author deliberately made Sonya an idealized symbol of pure Christian goodness. Crime and Punishment was originally published serially in a literary journal before appearing in book form in 1867.
